File handling is used to store the data permanently in files. It is used to open, store, read, search or close files.
| Functions | Use |
| fopen() | opens new or existing file |
| fprintf() | write data into file |
| fscanf() | reads data from file |
| fputc() | writes a character into file |
| fgetc() | reads a character from file |
| fclose() | closes the file |
| fseek() | sets the file pointer to given position |
| fputw() | writes an integer to file |
| fgetw() | reads an integer from file |
| ftell() | returns current position |
| rewind() | sets the file pointer to the beginning of the file |
There are different modes available for opening a file:
| Mode | Use |
| r | opens a text file in read mode |
| w | opens a text file in write mode |
| a | opens a text file in append mode |
Example
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
FILE *fptr;
int rollno;
char name[50];
fptr = fopen(“student.txt”, “w+”);/* open for writing */
//student .txt is a file in which we store the data
if (fptr == NULL)
{
printf(“File does not exists \n”);
return;
}
printf(“Enter the Rollno\n”);
scanf(“%d”, &rollno);
fprintf(fptr, “Rollno= %d\n”, rollno);
printf(“Enter the name \n”);
scanf(“%s”, name);
fprintf(fptr, “Name= %s\n”, name);
fclose(fptr);
}
Output
Enter Rollno 20 Enter the name rishi
Then if we open the student.txt file then it contains-
Rollno = 20
Name = rishi