Gold (Au), chemical element, a dense lustrous yellow precious metal of Group 11 (Ib), Period 6, of the periodic table. Gold has several qualities that have made it exceptionally valuable throughout history. It is attractive in colour and brightness, durable to the point of virtual indestructibility, highly malleable, and usually found in nature in a comparatively pure form. The history of gold is unequaled by that of any other metal because of its perceived value from earliest times.
atomic number | 79 |
| atomic weight | 196.967 |
| melting point | 1,063 °C (1,945 °F) |
| boiling point | 2,966 °C (5,371 °F) |
| specific gravity | 19.3 at 20 °C (68 °F) |
| oxidation states | +1, +3 |
| electron configuration | [Xe]4f145d106s1 |