Surveying 2 min read
Incorrect Chain in Surveying – Error & Correction
If the chain that is employed for measuring length is not equal to the true length, then the length measured…
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Surveying 1 min read
Indirect Ranging
Indirect ranging is employed when the two points are not intervisible or the two points are at a long distance.…
Surveying 2 min read
Direct Ranging
Direct ranging is the ranging conducted when the intermediate points are intervisible. Direct ranging can be performed by eye or with…
Surveying 1 min read
Ranging Out Survey Lines
While measuring the survey lines, the chain or the tape has to be stretched along the survey line along that…
Surveying 3 min read
Plane table survey
Plane table survey is that type of survey in which the measurement of survey lines of the transverse a of…
Surveying 3 min read
Levelling and Principle of leveling
Levelling may be defined as the art of determining the relative height or elevants of points or objects on the earth’s…
Surveying 2 min read
Theodolite survey
The theodolite is the most precise instrument used for measurement of horizontal and vertical angles. It can also be used…
Surveying 4 min read
Compass survey
When the area to be surveyed is large, chain and compass surveying is preferable. A compass is used to measure the…
Surveying 2 min read
Calculation of Areas from offsets to a Base line
The area may be calculated by the rule: · ü Mid-ordinate Rule · ü Average ordinate Rule · ü Trapezoidal rule · ü Simpson’s Rule 1.Mid-ordinate rule: Area…
Surveying 1 min read
Advantages and Disadvantages of chain surveying Advantages:
· ü Chain surveying is suitable for fairly level ground · ü It does not require costly equipments · ü It is used for preparing plans…
Surveying 4 min read
Instruments used for chain surveying
The various instruments used in chain surveying are as follows. · ü chain · ü arrows · ü pegs · ü ranging rods · ü offset rods · ü plumb bob 1. …
Surveying 4 min read
Measurement of Distance with Chains or Tapes
Measurement of distances using chain or tape is termed as chaining. This is the accurate and commonly employed method in surveying:…
