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Plug Flow Reactors (PFRs)

General Mole Balance Equation At steady state- Differentiating, that gives- For single reactions in terms of conversion- The differential form…

PFR vs. CSTR: Size and Selectivity

Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs)

General Mole Balance Equation Reactors in Series Given rA = f(X) the Levenspiel Plot can be used to find the reactor volume…

Recycle reactors

Continuous-Flow Reactors

Continuous flow reactors are almost always operated at steady state. We will consider three types: the continuous-stirred tank reactor (CSTR), the plug flow…

Continuous reactor

Continuous reactors (alternatively referred to as flow reactors) carry material as a flowing stream. Reactants are continuously fed into the reactor and emerge as…

Chemical kinetics

Chemical kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions.…

Batch Reactors

Type of Reactor CharacteristicsSimple Batch Reactor is charged via two holes in the top of the tank; while reaction is carried out,…

Overall Reaction Rate Laws

Rate laws for reactions are affected by the position of the rate-determining step in the overall reaction mechanism. Slow Step…

Rate-Determining Steps

The rate of a multi-step reaction is determined by the slowest elementary step, which is known as the rate-determining step.…

Rate Laws for Elementary Steps

The rate law for an elementary step is derived from the molecularity of that step. Reaction Mechanisms Every chemical reaction…

Rate equation

The rate law or rate equation for a chemical reaction is an equation that links the initial or forward reaction rate with the concentrations or pressures of the…