General Concepts 2 min read
Butadiene, butylenes, and pygas, derivatives
Pygas, or pyrolysis gasoline, is a naphtha-range product with a high aromatic content, used either for gasoline blending or as…
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General Concepts 2 min read
Propylene, derivatives
Polypropylenes (PP) are various thermoplastic plastics or fibres that are polymers of propylene. Polypropylene can be made into fibers, where…
General Concepts 3 min read
Olefins
Olefins are petrochemical derivatives produced by cracking feed stocks from raw materials such as natural gas and crude oil. Lower…
General Concepts 1 min read
Benzene and styrenic chain, derivatives
Polystyrene is solid plastic made from polymerized styrene. It is the second most common plastic and used in a wide…
General Concepts 2 min read
Toluene, benzene, polyurethane and phenolic chain
Tolune diisocyanate (TDI) is an isocyanate used in the production of polyurethanes for flexible foam applications, ranging from furniture, bedding, and…
General Concepts 2 min read
Aromatics
Aromatics, so called because of their distinctive perfumed smell, are a group of hydrocarbons that include benzene, toluene and the…
General Concepts 2 min read
Petrochemical
Petrochemicals are chemicals made from petroleum or natural gas. Primary petrochemicals are divided into three groups, depending on their chemical…
General Concepts 2 min read
Blending and distribution
After the refining processes, the various fractions are stored in intermediate tanks, then blended into marketable products for loading onto…
General Concepts 5 min read
Upgrading and advanced processes
The Refinery make up differs from an upstream plant, in that the overall site is divided up in to process…
General Concepts 6 min read
Refining
Up to the early 1970s, crude oil prices were kept reasonably stable by major international oil companies and industrialized nations.…
General Concepts 1 min read
Storage, transport and regasification of LNG
Storage at the terminals and on LNG carriers is done in cryogenic tanks at atmospheric pressure or slightly above, up…
General Concepts 6 min read
LNG
LNG is a gas transport product. The gas, which is primarily methane (CH4), is converted to liquid form for ease…
