General Concepts 3 min read
Radio Transmission
Up to now we have discussed guided transmission. The signal is guided or conducted down some sort of a “pipe.”…
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General Concepts 4 min read
Coaxial Cable Transmission
Up to this point we have been discussing two parallel conductors, namely, wire pair. An entirely different configuration of two…
General Concepts 5 min read
Introduction To Transporting Electrical Signals
To transport electrical signals, a transmission medium is required. There are four types of transmission media: 1. Wire pair 2.…
General Concepts 7 min read
Electrical Signals
Introduction to Transmission Transmission may be defined as the electrical transfer of a signal, message, or other form of intelligence…
General Concepts 2 min read
Introduction to Phase
The IEEE defines phase as “a relative measurement that describes the temporal relationship between two signals that have the same…
General Concepts 3 min read
What Is Frequency?
To understand more advanced telecommunication concepts, we need a firm knowledge of frequency and related parameters such as band and…
General Concepts 3 min read
Conveying Intelligence over the Electrical Telegraph
This model of a simple telegraph circuit consists of a copper wire loop with a buzzer inserted at the distant…
General Concepts 2 min read
Basic Concepts Of Electricity For Communications
Early Sources of Electrical Current Rather crude dry cell batteries were employed in the earlier periods of telegraph as an…
General Concepts 5 min read
Signals Convey Intelligence
Chapter Objective Telecommunication deals with conveying information with electrical signals. This chapter prepares the telecommunication novice with some very basic…
General Concepts 3 min read
Standardization In Telecommunications
Standardization is vital in telecommunications. A rough analogy is that it allows worldwide communication because we all “speak a standard…
General Concepts 2 min read
Rules of Conventional Hierarchical Networks
One will note the backbone structure of Figure 1.9d. If we remove the high-usage routes (dashed lines in the figure),…
General Concepts 2 min read
Network Topologies
The IEEE (Ref. 2) defines topology as “the interconnection pattern of nodes on a network.” We can say that a…
