Engineering economy 1 min read
Arithmetic Gradient Series
Suppose that there is a series of “n” payments uniformly spaced but differing from one period to the next by…
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Engineering economy 2 min read
Uniform annual series and future value
Suppose that there is a series of “n” uniform payments, uniform in amount and uniformly spaced, such as a payment…
Engineering economy 2 min read
Interest and Equivalence
Simple interest, as opposed to compound interest, is rare. With an investment that pays simple interest, the amount of interest…
Engineering economy 2 min read
Making Economic Decisions
Selecting an appropriate criterion (or criteria) for selecting among competing alternatives is a critical step in engineering decision making. If…
Engineering economy 3 min read
Engineering Costs and Cost Estimating
An engineering economic analysis may involve many types of costs. Here is a list of cost types, including definitions and…
Development economics 5 min read
Land Acquisition and Development
Land acquisition for developmental purposes, i.e., for making roads, constructing dams and irrigation canals, establishing manufacturing industries and for urban…
Development economics 14 min read
INFORMAL CREDIT MARKETS
In this chapter we review the different ways in which the literature has dealt with modeling informality in credit markets…
Development economics 9 min read
INFORMALITY IN THE LABOUR MARKET EARLY CONTRIBUTIONS
There are different ways of modeling the informal sector adopting a non-Marshallian view of labour markets.19 Starting from the classical Harris-Todaro…
Development economics 3 min read
Informal credit markets
Informality in credit markets is strong in many developing countries like India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Brazil and many African countries, but…
Development economics 9 min read
Causes and Impact of Informality
What is the impact of informality on the formal economy? Loayza (1996) tests for Latin American countries in the 1990s predictions from…
Development economics 2 min read
The Size of the Informal Economy
What is the size of the informal economy in the world? In general, data on the size, composition and contribution…
Development economics 4 min read
How Do We Measure the Informal Economy?
How do we measure the informal economy? There are two approaches in the literature in attempting to respond this question.…
