Dummy or Idle Coils:
These are used with wave-winding and are resorted to when the requirements of the winding are not met by the…
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These are used with wave-winding and are resorted to when the requirements of the winding are not met by the…
As shown in the previous chapters of this book, the ICARUS project developed multiple unmanned systems and tools for supporting…
The ICARUS Training and Support system provides the command and control component that integrates different data sources of spatial information,…
This chapter describes the concepts and features behind the command, control and intelligence (C2I) system developed in the ICARUS project,…
First responders’ communications (COM) have become a key concern in large crisis events which involve numerous organisations, human responders and…
During maritime search and rescue operations, the safety of the rescuers is a major issue and must be ensured in…
Ground robots have demonstrated to be a useful tool when dealing with post-disasters intervention and in particular for Urban Search…
The field of the micro electro‐mechanical system (MEMS) technology enables small and lightweight, yet accurate inertial measurement units (IMUs), inertial…
Following the user‐centered design approach, the needs, requirements, and limitations of end users of a product, service, or process are…
Recent dramatic events such as the earthquakes in Nepal and Tohoku, typhoon Haiyan or the many floods in Europe have…
This paper describes the methodology for system description and application so that the system can be managed using real time system adaptation. The term system here can represent any structure regardless its size or complexity (industrial robots, mobile robot navigation, stock market, systems of production, control systems, etc.). The methodology describes the whole development process from system requirements to software tool that will be able to execute a specific system adaptation. In this work, we propose approaches relying on machine learning methods (Bishop, 2006), which would enable to characterize key patterns and detect them in real time and in their altered form as well. Then, based on the pattern recognized, it is possible to apply a suitable intervention to system inputs so that the system responds in the desired way. Our aim is to develop and apply a hybrid approach based on machine learning methods, particularly…
In recent years, the scientific community has had an increased interest in exploring the asteroids of the solar system (JAXA/ISAS, 2003; JHU/APL, 1996; NASA/JPL, 2007). Technological advances have enabled mankind for the first time to take a closer look at these small solar system objects through sensors and instruments of robotic deep space probes. However, most of these space probe missions have focused on the reconnaissance of the asteroids’ surfaces and their compositional analysis from a distance. Little attention has been given to locomotion on their surfaces with a mobile robotic system, due to the challenging gravity conditions found in these small solar system bodies. In small bodies like asteroids, the gravitational fields are substantially weaker than those of Earth or Mars, therefore the likelihood of a robot’s unintentional collision with the surface while attempting a movement is substantially higher. In one of the latest missions, the Japanese Hayabusa spacecraft carried onboard a small robot named MINERVA (Yoshimitsu et al., 2001) to be deployed and used to explore the asteroid surface. The robot was designed with a single reaction wheel, located inside of it, to produce the necessary inertial reaction to move. But with this system the location of the robot when the motion is damped out is very challenging to predict or control. Subsequently, in order to maximize the scientific return from any given mission on an asteroid’s surface, future missions must have the ability to conduct stable mobility and accurate positioning on the rough terrain. In the robotics field, limbed locomotion is broadly recognized as superior in its capability to traverse terrains with irregularities such as obstacles, cliffs and slants. Exotic types of wheeled rovers (Bares et al., 1999; Wilcox & Jones, 2000) can only drive over obstacles of heights that are at best a fraction of the vehicle’s body length. Thus, some terrains are not accessible to wheeled vehicles. Conversely, legged or limbed locomotion has the possibility to provoke minimum reactions on the asteroid surface that could push the robot with sufficient force to reach escape velocity and drift into space. It also facilitates achievement of desired goal configurations that deal with new complex situations, ensuring that a robot’s behavior doesnot deviate from a stable condition. In this chapter, the focus is on gravity-independent locomotion approaches, technologies and challenges of robotic mobility on asteroids. Recommendations and methods to perform Fig. 1. Mosaic of Eros ©Applied Physics Lab/JHU and Asteroid 25143 Itokawa ©JAXA/ISAS compliant motions during operations by a surface robot under microgravity conditions are presented. Taking into account the contact dynamics and the reaction force from its environment, a control scheme enables a limbed robot to move using the natural features of the environment and the friction of the surface for forward progress in any direction having contact only with the limbs’ end tips. Asteroid exploration…