Basics 4 min read
Go-Back-N ARQ
Go-Back-N Automatic Repeat reQuest (Go-Back-N ARQ), is a data link layer protocol that uses a sliding window method for reliable…
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Basics 3 min read
Stop and Wait ARQ
Characteristics · Used in Connection-oriented communication. · It offers error and flow control · It is used in Data Link and Transport Layers…
Basics 2 min read
Types of errors
These interferences can change the timing and shape of the signal. If the signal is carrying binary encoded data, such…
Basics 1 min read
Synchronous Optical NETwork (SONET)
Synchronous optical networking (SONET) is a standardized digital communication protocol that synchronously transfers multiple data streams over long distances through…
Basics 2 min read
Cable Modems
Cable modem is a hardware device that is used to connect the computer with the Internet Service Provider (ISP) through…
Basics 2 min read
Digital Subscriber Lines
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is a communication technology that offers high – bandwidth digital communication over standard telephone lines formed…
Basics 2 min read
Telephone Network
Telephone Network is used to provide voice communication. Telephone Network uses Circuit Switching. Originally, the entire network was referred to…
Basics 2 min read
Time Division Multiplexing
Frequency division multiplexing (FDM) is a technique of multiplexing, where the users are allowed the total available bandwidth on time…
Basics 2 min read
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is a technique of multiplexing multiple optical carrier signals through a single optical fiber channel by…
Basics 2 min read
Frequency Division Multiplexing
Frequency division multiplexing (FDM) is a technique of multiplexing which means combining more than one signal over a shared medium.…
Basics 2 min read
Telephone Modems
Modem is an abbreviation of “modulator demodulator”. It is a network device that modulates digital information or bits into analog…
Basics 4 min read
Different Block Coding Techniques
We need redundancy to ensure synchronization and to provide some kind of inherent error detecting. Block coding can give us…
