Advanced 10 min read
Numerical Aperture and Resolution
The numerical aperture of a microscope objective is a measure of its ability to gather light and resolve fine specimen…
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Advanced 4 min read
Laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Specimen Dacron swabs from the nose, throat, or other suspected lesions must be obtained before antimicrobial drugs are administered. Swabs should…
Advanced 3 min read
Direct Microscopic Counts
Studies involving the analysis of materials including food, water, milk, and, in some cases, air require quantitative enumeration of microorganisms…
Advanced 4 min read
Phase-contrast Microscopy
Phase-contrast Microscopy Unstained living cells absorb practically no light. Poor light absorption results in extremely small differences in the intensity…
Advanced 4 min read
Simple Microscope- Principle, Instrumentation and Applications
The optical microscope, often referred to as the light microscope, is a type of microscope that uses visible light and a system of lenses to magnify images of…
Advanced 5 min read
Fluorescence Microscope- Principle, Instrumentation, Applications, Advantages, Limitations
A fluorescence microscope is an optical microscope that uses fluorescence and phosphorescence instead of, or in addition to, reflection and…
Advanced 4 min read
Electron Microscope- Principle, Types, Components, Applications, Advantages, Limitations
An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination. It is a special type of…
Advanced 5 min read
Compound Microscope- Principle, Instrumentation and Applications
Compound Microscope- Principle, Instrumentation and Applications The term microscope can be split into two separate words, ‘micro’ and ‘scope’, where…
Advanced 13 min read
Microscopes – Microbiology
Microscopes You have probably figured out that microbes (AKA microorganisms) are pretty small, right? Yeah, well, size isn’t everything. But…
Advanced 7 min read
Robert Koch
Robert Koch, in full Robert Heinrich Hermann Koch, (born Dec. 11, 1843, Clausthal, Hannover [now Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Ger.]—died May 27, 1910, Baden-Baden, Ger.),…
Advanced 7 min read
10 MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS OF LOUIS PASTEUR
Louis Pasteur (1822 – 1895) was a French scientist, whose discoveries provided clear evidence relating germs to diseases, paving the way for a…
Basics 5 min read
Introduction to the Chemistry of Life
Figure 2.1 Foods such as bread, fruit, and cheese are rich sources of biological macromolecules.The elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen,…