FREQUENCY ALLOCATION
Radio transmission can take place using many different frequency bands. Each frequency…
CONNECTION ESTABLISHMENT
The number dialed to reach a mobile subscriber (MSISDN) contains no information…
GSM – Protocol Stack
GSM architecture is a layered model that is designed to allow communications…
GSM – Architecture
A GSM network comprises of many functional units. These functions and interfaces…
Spread Spectrum Multiple Access
Spread spectrum multiple access (SSMA) uses signals which have a transmission bandwidth…
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
FDMA is the basic technology for advanced mobile phone services. The features…
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
In the cases where continuous transmission is not required, there TDMA is…
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
Code division multiple access technique is an example of multiple access where…
Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)
Space division multiple access or spatial division multiple access is a technique…


