Common Symbols Used in Water Treatment
CATIONSANIONSCalcium, Ca++Nitrate, NO3-Magnesium, Mg++Chloride, Cl-Iron, Fe++Sulfate, SO4-Manganese, Mn++Bicarbonate, HCO3-Sodium, Na+Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3-Copper,…
Reduced Salt Setting Conventional Softeners
Reduced salt dosage, 6 pounds per cubic foot of resin versus maximum…
Sizing Conventional Water Softeners
Assume 60 gallons of water per day per person (natural average) if…
Water Problems and Treatment
Frequently several minerals are involved in a given water problem. Hardness Water…
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Total dissolved solids as reported on an analysis are the total of…
Water Chemistry and Treatment
Water is a natural solvent. Rain water is acidic due to carbon…
Deaerators for Boilers
Removing dissolved oxygen from boiler feed water is absolutely necessary to protect…


