Chemical properties
The chemical properties of clusters are a combination of the properties of…
Materials science
Materials science, the study of the properties of solid materials and how those properties…
The mechanical equivalence of work and energy
Two of the architects of modern thermodynamics were William Thompson (better known…
Energy and the first law of thermodynamics
Eating ice cream soon causes the mouth to get cold, possibly to…
First electron affinity and reactivity
Gases such as helium, neon and argon are so unreactive that we…
Properties of covalent compounds
Clear petroleum gel is a common product, comprising a mixture of simple…
Covalent bonds and valence
The water molecule always has a composition in which two hydrogen atoms…
Breaking bonds requires an input of energy
A plant accumulates nutrients from the soil as it grows. Such accumulation…


