Surveying 4 min read
INSTRUMENTS USED IN CHAINING
The following instruments are required for measurements with chain and tape: (i) Arrows (ii) Pegs (iii) Ranging rods and ranging…
THE ARCHIVES
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Measurement with Chains or Tapes
Measurement of distances using chain or tape is termed as chaining. This is the accurate and commonly employed method in…
Surveying 2 min read
Linear Measurements and Chain Surveying
All the distances required for making a plan are the horizontal distances. Hence in the field horizontal distances are measured…
Surveying 1 min read
UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS
In 1960 System International (SI units) unit was approved by the conference of weights and measures. It is an international…
Surveying 1 min read
PLANS AND MAPS
As stated in the definition of surveying the objective of measurements is to show relative positions of various objects on…
Surveying 3 min read
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF SURVEYING
To get accurate results in surveying one should follow the following fundamental principles: (i) Work from whole to part (ii)…
Surveying 2 min read
PRIMARY DIVISIONS IN SURVEYING
The earth is an oblate spheroid, length of equatorial axis being 12756.75 km and polar axis being 12713.80 km. Since…
Surveying 1 min read
OBJECT AND USES OF SURVEYING
As stated in the definition, object of surveying is to show relative positions of various objects of an area on…
Surveying 1 min read
Introduction to Surveying
Surveying is the art of making measurements of objects on, above or beneath the ground to show theirrelative positions on paper. The…
Surveying 1 min read
Measuring Principles
Although there are many EDM instruments available, there are basically only two methods of measurement employed, namely the pulse method…
Surveying 4 min read
Field surveying
Introduction This chapter is designed to introduce you to the various surveying techniques used to obtain the original field data…