Backward Chaining
Backward-chaining is also known as a backward deduction or backward reasoning method when using an inference engine. A backward chaining algorithm is a form of reasoning, which starts with the…
Forward Chaining in AI
In artificial intelligence, forward and backward chaining is one of the important topics, but before understanding forward and backward chaining lets first understand that from where these two terms came.…
What is Unification?
Unification is a process of making two different logical atomic expressions identical by finding a substitution. Unification depends on the substitution process. It takes two literals as input and makes…
Prolog In Artificial Intelligence
Introduction : Prolog is a logic programming language. It has important role in artificial intelligence. Unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language. In prolog, logic…
First-Order Logic in Artificial intelligence
In the topic of Propositional logic, we have seen that how to represent statements using propositional logic. But unfortunately, in propositional logic, we can only represent the facts, which are…
Alpha-Beta Pruning
Alpha-beta pruning is a modified version of the minimax algorithm. It is an optimization technique for the minimax algorithm. As we have seen in the minimax search algorithm that the…
Optimal Decisions In Games
In a normal search problem, the optimal solution would be a sequence of actions leading to a goal state-a terminal state that is a win. In adversarial search, MIN has…
Game Playing
Game Playing is an important domain of artificial intelligence. Games don’t require much knowledge; the only knowledge we need to provide is the rules, legal moves and the conditions of…
Backtracking
Prerequisites : · Recursion · Complexity Analysis Backtracking is an algorithmic-technique for solving problems recursively by trying to build a solution incrementally, one piece at a time, removing those solutions that fail to…
Constraint Propagation
The domain expressions define a directed graph on the variables. In the current version of the system, the constraint graph must be a acyclic, which means that information flows in…
