Darkfield Microscopy
Microbiology, the branch of science that has so vastly extended and expanded our knowledge of the living world, owes its existence to Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.In 1673, with the aid of…
9 Important Functions of Protein
Protein is crucial to good health. In fact, the name comes from the Greek word proteos, meaning “primary” or “first place.” Proteins are made up of amino acids that join together…
Nucleic Acids
Introduction The first isolation of what we now refer to as DNA was accomplished by Johann Friedrich Miescher circa 1870. He reported finding a weakly acidic substance of unknown function in the nuclei of…
DNA: Damage Types and Repair Mechanisms
Introduction to DNA Damage and Repair: DNA is a highly stable and versatile molecule. Though sometimes the damage is caused to it, it is able to maintain the integrity of…
What are monoclonal antibodies?
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are identical immunoglobulins, generated from a single B-cell clone. These antibodies recognize unique epitopes, or binding sites, on a single antigen. Derivation from a single B-cell…
Environmental Diversity of Microbes
Microbes are ubiquitous on Earth and their diversity and abundance are determined by the biogeographical habitat they occupy. The microbial world encompasses most of the phylogenetic diversity on Earth, as…
Nutritional Requirements of Cells
Every organism must find in its environment all of the substances required for energy generation and cellular biosynthesis. The chemicals and elements of this environment that are utilized for bacterial…
Types of boilers
Boilers can be classified as follows: 1. According to the flow of water and hot gases – fire tube (or smoke tube) and water tube boilers. In fire tube boilers,…
Simple Harmonic Motion
What is Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)? Amplitude, Frequency and Periodic Time of a body moving with SHM? A body is said to move or vibrate with simple harmonic motion (briefly…
Fire Fighting Strategies
Now we know all the constituents of a fire and various kinds of fire-extinguishers. If you have to fight a fire, depending on the circumstances, you have to decide as…
