Ultrasonic Test
High frequency ultrasonic (sound) waves are applied to the test piece by a Piezoelectric crystal. If the test piece is free from cracks, or flawless, then it reflects ultrasonic waves without distortion. If there are any flaws in the specimen, the time taken by the ultrasonic waves will be less as the reflection of these waves will be from flaw points and not from the bottom of the specimen. Cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) is used to receive the sound signals, whose time base circuit is connected to it. Knowing the time interval between the transmission of the sound pulse and the reception of the echo signal, we can calculate the depth of the crack. This test is a very fast method of inspection and often used to test aerospace components and automobiles. This test is generally used to detect internal cracks like shrinkage cavities, hot tears, zones of corrosion and non-metallic inclusions.
The Differences Between DNA and RNA
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, while RNA is ribonucleic acid. Although DNA and RNA both carry genetic information, there are quite a few differences between them. This is a comparison of the…
quadruple-helix DNA
DNA has been called many things: the king of molecules, the blueprint of life, and less excitingly but perhaps more accurately, the genetic code. DNA’s double helix, discovered in 1953 by James…
By not including everyone genome science has blind spots
It’s been about 20 years since scientists unveiled a rough draft of the human genome. This is all of the DNA found in a human cell. Think of it like…
New approach to predict the enzyme activity using AI
Without enzymes, an organism would not be able to survive. It is these biocatalysts that facilitate a whole range of chemical reactions, producing the building blocks of the cells. Enzymes…
Darkfield Microscopy
Microbiology, the branch of science that has so vastly extended and expanded our knowledge of the living world, owes its existence to Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.In 1673, with the aid of…
9 Important Functions of Protein
Protein is crucial to good health. In fact, the name comes from the Greek word proteos, meaning “primary” or “first place.” Proteins are made up of amino acids that join together…
Nucleic Acids
Introduction The first isolation of what we now refer to as DNA was accomplished by Johann Friedrich Miescher circa 1870. He reported finding a weakly acidic substance of unknown function in the nuclei of…
DNA: Damage Types and Repair Mechanisms
Introduction to DNA Damage and Repair: DNA is a highly stable and versatile molecule. Though sometimes the damage is caused to it, it is able to maintain the integrity of…
What are monoclonal antibodies?
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are identical immunoglobulins, generated from a single B-cell clone. These antibodies recognize unique epitopes, or binding sites, on a single antigen. Derivation from a single B-cell…
