Procedural Knowledge Representations
Declarative or Procedural? Declarative knowledge representation: Static representation -- knowledge about objects, events etc. and their relationships and states given.Requires a program to know what to do with knowledge and how to…
Logic Knowledge Representation
We briefly mentioned how logic can be used to represent simple facts in the last lecture. Here we will highlight major principles involved in knowledge representation. In particular predicate logic will be…
Issue in Knowledge Representation
Below are listed issues that should be raised when using a knowledge representation technique: Important Attributes -- Are there any attributes that occur in many different types of problem? There…
Inferential Knowledge
Represent knowledge as formal logic: All dogs have tails : dog(x) hasatail(x) Advantages: A set of strict rules.Can be used to derive more facts.Truths of new statements can be verified.Guaranteed correctness.Many inference procedures available to…
Approaches to Knowledge Representation
Simple relational knowledge The simplest way of storing facts is to use a relational method where each fact about a set of objects is set out systematically in columns. This…
Knowledge Representation
What to Represent? Let us first consider what kinds of knowledge might need to be represented in AI systems: Objects -- Facts about objects in our world domain. e.g. Guitars have strings,…
Means-Ends Analysis
Allows both backward and forward searching.This means we could solve major parts of a problem first and then return to smaller problems when assembling the final solution.GPS was the first…
And-Or Graphs
Useful for certain problems where The solution involves decomposing the problem into smaller problems.We then solve these smaller problems. Here the alternatives often involve branches where some or all must…
Heuristic Search
A heuristic is a method that might not always find the best solutionbut is guaranteed to find a good solution in reasonable time. By sacrificing completeness it increases efficiency.Useful in solving tough problems…
Problems and Search
Problem solving involves: problem definition -- detailed specifications of inputs and what constitutes an acceptable solution;problem analysis;knowledge representation;problem solving -- selection of best techniques. Problem Definition In order to solve…
