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Thermodynamic Temperature Scale

To define a temperature scale that does not depend on the thermometric property of a substance, Carnot principle can be…

Dimensions and Units

Thermodynamics: Difference between Irreversible and Reversible process

Reversible process. In a reversible process the series of changes carried out on the system during its transformation from initial to…

INTERNAL ENERGY (U)

The internal energy of a thermodynamic system is the sum of kinetic and potential energies of all the molecules of…

Thermodyanamic processes

A thermodynamic (physical or chemical) process may be defined as the pathway of series of intermediate changes that occur when…

Dynamic Equilibrium: Characteristics, Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes

Dynamic Equilibrium  When a reversible reaction attains equilibrium it appears that the concentrations of individual reactants and that of the…

Thermochemical equations

A  balanced  chemical  equation  together  with  standard  conventions adopted and including the value ∆H of the reaction is called a  thermochemical…

Nature of thermodynamic functions

The properties of a thermodynamic system depend on variables which are measurable and change in values when the state of…

Thermodynamics: Work, heat and energy

Work, heat and energy In order to formulate the laws of 1 Torr         =       1 mm of Hg thermodynamics it becomes necessary…

Thermodynamics: State functions of a system

State functions State of a system  A system is said to be in a particular physical state when specific values…