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Ideas and explainers from across SenseCentral.
Bench mark (BM)
In order to make OD accessible to all users throughout the country, a series of permanent marks were established, called…
Vertical control
INTRODUCTION This chapter describes the various heighting procedures used to obtain the elevation of points of interest above or below…
Basic concept of errors
The basic concept of errors in the data captured by the surveyor may be likened to target shooting. In the…
Errors In Measurement
It should now be apparent that position fixing simply involves the measurement of angles and distance. However, all measurements, no…
Units Of Measurement
The system most commonly used for the definition of units of measurement, for example of distance and angle, is the…
Error and uncertainty
In surveying nothing is ever absolutely certain. The product of surveying may be thought of as being in two parts,…
Plotting Detail
In the past, detail would have been plotted on paper or a more stable medium such as plastic film. However,…
Locating Position
Establishing control networks and their subsequent computation leads to an implied rectangular coordinate system over the area surveyed. The minor…
Control Networks
The establishment of two- or three-dimensional control networks is the most fundamental operation in the surveying of large or small…