Raw Materials
Composition Portland cement consists essentially of compounds of lime (calcium oxide, CaO) mixed with silica (silicon dioxide, SiO2) and alumina (aluminum oxide, Al2O3). The lime is obtained from a calcareous…
Applications Of Cement
Cements may be used alone (i.e., “neat,” as grouting materials), but the normal use is in mortar and concrete in which the cement is mixed with inert material known as aggregate. Mortar is cement mixed…
Constituent Materials of Concrete
Concrete is a composite material consisting of a binder, which is typically cement, rough and fine aggregates, which are usually stone and sand, and water. These comprise the constituent materials…
WHAT IS CONCRETE
Contrary to popular belief, concrete and cement are not the same thing; cement is actually just a component of concrete. Concrete is made up of three basic components: water, aggregate…
Wear in Concrete
wear The concrete has been damaged by erosion it is almost certain that any repaired section will again be damaged unless the cause of the erosion is removed. The best…
Repairs to overcome low member strength
Need for Strengthening: · Load increases due to higher live loads, increased wheel loads, installations of heavy machinery or vibrations · Damage to structural parts due to aging of construction materials or…
Shoring and underpinning
The arrangement employed to prevent a damaged structure, due to either foundation settlement or other reasons from collapse, is called shoring. It is also used for providing temporary support to…
Mortar repair for cracks
Portland cement mortar may be used for repairing defects on surfaces not prominently exposed. where the defects are too wide for dry-pack filling or where the defects are too shallow…
Gunite or Shotcrete
Gunite can be defined as mortar conveyed through a hose and pneumatically projected at a high velocity on to a surface. Recently the method has been further developed by the…
Vacuum Concrete
Vacuum Concrete It has been amply brought out in the earlier discussion that high water/cement ratio as harmful to the overall quality of concrete. Whereas low water/cement ratio does not…
