TEMPERING
Tempering is essential after most hardening operations to restore some toughness to the structure. It is frequently performed as an integral part of the cycle in a seal quench furnace,…
NORMALISING
Also used to soften and relieve internal stresses after cold work and to refine the grain size and m etallurgical structure. It may be used t o break up the…
ANNEALING
Annealing is a heat treatment procedure involving heating the alloy and holding it at a certain temperature (annealin g temperature), followed by controlled cooling. Annealing results in relief of internal…
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HEAT TREATMENT
Heat treatment of a metal or alloy is a technological procedure, including controlled heating and cooling operations, conducted for the purpose of changing the alloy microstructure and resulting in achieving…
Classification of Cast Iron
The term cast iron, like the term steel, identifies a large family of ferrous alloys. Cast irons are multicomponent ferrous alloys. They contain major (iron, carbon, silicon), minor (<0.01%), and…
Casting Alloy Solidification
The phenomenon of solidification takes an important role in various fields since it causes great impact in time taken for production, quality of product cast and the quantity of material…
Casting Alloy Characteristics
Based on various studies, the most favorable composition of alloys used in for casting applications, exhibits improved mechanical and physical characteristics. Since the casting alloys show excellent mechanical and physical…
Iron Alloy
Iron alloy, as the name suggests, is an alloy that have iron as the principal component. Iron is used as a constituent in most of the commercial alloys. For example,…
Eutectic phase diagrams
Materials showing a eutectic phase diagram often are technically highly relevant. Figure 2.12: a) Eutectic phase diagram of PbSn. b) lamellar structure of solidified Pb Sn with eutectic composition. Eutectic is…
METAL TYPES
The metals that Steelworkers work with are divided into two general classifications: ferrous and nonferrous. Ferrous metals are those composed primarily of iron and iron alloys. Nonferrous metals are those…
