Data-link Layer
Data Link Layer is second layer of OSI Layered Model. This layer is one of the most complicated layers and has complex functionalities and liabilities. Data link layer hides the…
Fundamentals of Data and Signals
The major function of the physical layer is to move data in the form of electromagnetic signals across a transmission medium. Whether the data may be numerical statistics from another…
Physical Layer
Physical layer in the OSI model plays the role of interacting with actual hardware and signaling mechanism. Physical layer is the only layer of OSI network model which actually deals…
What is the OSI model?
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual model created by the International Organization for Standardization which enables diverse communication systems to communicate using standard protocols. In plain English,…
Internet Protocols
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) TCP is a connection oriented protocol and offers end-to-end packet delivery. It acts as back bone for connection.It exhibits the following key features: · Transmission Control Protocol…
Internet Overview
Internet Internet is defined as an Information super Highway, to access information over the web. However, It can be defined in many ways as follows: · Internet is a world-wide global…
Basic Network Building Blocks
All networks, large or small, require specialized network hardware to make them work. Small or large, all networks are built from the following basic building blocks: Client computers: The computers that…
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
A communication network is the pattern of directions in which information flows in the organization. Channels of communication (networks by which information flows) are either formal networks or informal networks.…
Spanning Tree algorithm
A spanning tree is a subset of Graph G, which has all the vertices covered with minimum possible number of edges. Hence, a spanning tree does not have cycles and…
Network layering
What is the network layer? Network-to-network connections are what make the Internet possible. The "network layer" is the part of the Internet communications process where these connections occur, by sending…
