Write short notes on Sentient – Centered Ethics, Bio – Centric Ethics, Ecocentric
Ethics and Human – Centered Environmental Ethics. Sentient – Centered Ethics Sentient animals are those which feel pain and pleasure. This version of Nature-centered ethics is advanced by some utilitarians, …
Give a brief account of Technology Assessment?
- Engineers are said to be finding the right answers for the wrong questions - Finding the right questions is much more difficult than finding the right answers to these questions - Engineers…
How can we internalize Costs of Environmental Degradation?
Time cost of a product – includes numerous factors like effect of pollution, the depletion of energy and raw materials, social costs, etc. If these costs are internalized (added to …
Describe the case study of environmental degradation caused by PCB & Kanemi’s Oil?
In Southern Japan, in 1968 a large number of people suffered by disfigurement of skin, discolouration, fatigue, numbness, respiratory distress, vomiting and loss of hair. – 10,000 people got affected & some died – Two groups of 121 people each were tested and results were as follows: • It was found that fried food using rice oil produced by Kanemi company was eaten which caused the problem • After 7 months of investigation…. – It was found that the presence of Polychlorinated biphenyl-PCB was the cause for the effects and it was present in the rice oil. – Rice Oil was heated at low pressure to remove the odour thro’ a heat exchanger and a liquid known as KANECHLOR which contained PCB was used for heat transfer – Pipes of the heat exchanger was corroded and led to leakage thro’ those pinholes. – In fact, Kanemi had been replenishing 27 kgs of lost PCB per month for sometime without realizing the seriousness. • Indirect path – this rice was used as chicken-feed and half of one million chickens that were fed died. Other Similar Effects: Plastic bakery wrappers containing PCB mixed with ground stale bread was used as chicken-feed and…
What are the effects of Greenhouse?
• The temperature effect of the CO2 and water vapour combined together has a long range impact on the global climate. • Because of increased concentration of CO2 and due to much warmer tropical oceans, there may occur cyclones and hurricanes and early snow melt in mountains will cause more floods during monsoon. • Increase in global temperature can adversely effect the world food production. • At higher altitudes in the atmosphere, CO2 undergoes photochemical reactions producing CO, which is drastically dangerous. • CFCs are responsible for 20% increase in warming. This may increase the chances of diseases in humans and animals.
What is Greenhouse effect?
‘Greenhouse Effect’ is defined as ‘The progressive warming up of earth’s surface due to blanketing effect of manmade CO2 in the atmosphere.’ A greenhouse is that body which allows the short wavelength incoming solar radiation to come in, but does not allow the long wave outgoing infra-red radiation to escape. The earth’s atmosphere bottles up the energy of the sun and it acts like a green house, where CO2 acts like a glass windows.
What are the other problems caused to the environment?
• Build-up of CO2 from the use of fossil fuels by Industrial nations could result in Greenhouse effect. • Damage to protective OZONE layer due to the release of Freon is related to technological products used by the people of these nations.
What is acid rain? What are its effects?
Acid rain: • pH of normal rain is 5.6 • pH of rainfall in north eastern areas of North America is 3.9 to 4.3. • It is 10 to 100 times more acidic…
What are the questions to be answered by Engineers in their role as experimenters?
• How does an industry affect the environment? • How far it can be controlled? • Whether protective measures are available and implemented? • Whether engineers can ensure safe & clean environment?
How is environment degraded?
1. By causing injuries to nature i. Usually this damage is caused slowly ii. Sometimes this also happens in sudden strikes 2. Misuse of our resources, fouling our environment 3. Practicing growths in consumptions and population leading to non-availability of resources 4. Industrial activity denudes land(to destroy all plant and animal life), pollutes atmosphere and water, reduces the yield from sea and land
