Category: chemical engineering thermodynamics.

Entropy and efficiency limits

The concept of entropy was first introduced in 1850 by Clausius as a precise mathematical way of testing whether the second law…

Heat capacity and internal energy

The goal in defining heat capacity is to relate changes in the internal energy to measured changes in the variables…

Factors influencing reaction rates

There are number of factors which influence the rate of the reaction. These are :  o   Nature of the reactants and…

ENERGY BALANCE FOR CLOSED SYSTEM

We have various forms of energies such as kinetic energy (Ekin), potential energy (Epot), internal energy (U), work W, heat…

Characteristics of Equilibrium constant

1.    The Keq (Kc or Kp) values do not depend on the initial concentrations of reactants but depend only on the equilibrium concentration…

Abnormal Colligative Properties

The experimental values of colligative properties in most of the cases resemble closely to those obtained theoretically by their formula.…

Enthalpy of neutralisation

 The enthalpy change of neutralisation is defined as the enthalpy change accompanied by the complete neutralisation of one gram – equivalent amount…

THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES

Obtaining work from two thermal sources at different temperatures is used to produce movement, for example, in thermal engines or alternators used…

Thermodynamic Temperature Scale

To define a temperature scale that does not depend on the thermometric property of a substance, Carnot principle can be…

Dimensions and Units

Thermodynamics: Difference between Irreversible and Reversible process

Reversible process. In a reversible process the series of changes carried out on the system during its transformation from initial to…

INTERNAL ENERGY (U)

The internal energy of a thermodynamic system is the sum of kinetic and potential energies of all the molecules of…