Latest Surveying News
Direct Ranging
Direct ranging is the ranging conducted when the intermediate points are intervisible. Direct…
Levelling and Principle of leveling
Levelling may be defined as the art of determining the relative height…
Calculation of Areas from offsets to a Base line
The area may be calculated by the rule: · ü Mid-ordinate Rule · ü Average ordinate…
Advantages and Disadvantages of chain surveying Advantages:
· ü Chain surveying is suitable for fairly level ground · ü It does not require…
Instruments used for chain surveying
The various instruments used in chain surveying are as follows. · ü chain · ü arrows…
