Basics 12 min read
Heat Exchangers and Pipe-Still Furnaces
HEAT EXCHANGERS Heat exchanger equipment exchanges heat between a hot and a cold fl uid, i.e., cold fl uid is…
THE LATEST THINKING
Every story.
Browse our articles in publication order, with new stories added automatically.
Introductions 14 min read
Introduction to Material and Energy Balances
MEASUREMENT OF QUANTITY OF CRUDE OIL AND PRODUCTS In a refi nery, crude oil is received in tanks and the…
Introductions 22 min read
Introduction to Offsite Facilities, Power and Utilities
LAYOUT OF PETROLEUM AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS A refi nery or a petrochemical plant consists of various plants and equipment suitably…
Basics 29 min read
Petrochemicals
DEFINTIONS OF PETROCHEMICALS Petrochemicals are chemicals derived from petroleum products. Examples of petrochemicals are plastics, rubbers, fi bres, paints, solvents,…
Introductions 14 min read
Introduction to Lubricating Oil and Grease
COMPONENTS OF FINISHED LUBRICATING OILS The use of animal fats to reduce friction and wear and tear of mechanical parts…
Introductions 38 min read
Introduction to Processing Operations in a Petroleum Refinery
CRUDE OIL RECEIVING In a refi nery, crude oil is received and stored in a fl oating roof tank. The…
Introductions 33 min read
Introduction to Crude Petroleum Oil
COMPOSITION OF CRUDE OIL The compounds in crude petroleum oil are essentially hydrocarbons or substituted hydrocarbons in which the major…
Uncategorized 1 min read
Hello world!
Welcome to WordPress. This is your first post. Edit or delete it, then start writing!
Uncategorized 1 min read
Statistics – Circular Permutation
Circular permutation is the total number of ways in which n distinct objects can be arranged around a fix circle.…
Statistics 2 min read
Statistics – Cluster sampling
In cluster sampling, groups of elements that ideally speaking, are heterogeneous in nature within group, and are chosen randomly. Unlike stratified sampling where…
Statistics 1 min read
Statistics – Chi Squared table
The numbers in the table represent the values of the χ2χ2 statistics. Areas of the shaded region (A) are the column indexes.…
Statistics 2 min read
Statistics – Chi-squared Distribution
The chi-squared distribution (chi-square or X2X2 – distribution) with degrees of freedom, k is the distribution of a sum of the squares…
