Introductions

Introduction to Petroleum Products and Test Methods

CRUDE OIL ANALYSIS  Crude petroleum oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbon gases, methane, ethane, propane, and butane, are…

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Introduction to Material and Energy Balances

MEASUREMENT OF QUANTITY OF CRUDE OIL AND PRODUCTS In a refi nery, crude oil is received in tanks and the…

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Introduction to Miscellaneous

STARTUP Any plant operation can be divided into three types of operating steps, namely, startup, production, and shutdown. Startup and…

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