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Introduction to Miscellaneous
STARTUP Any plant operation can be divided into three types of operating…
Introduction to Reactor Calculations
REACTORS IN REFINERIES AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS A reactor is a piece of…
Introduction to Extraction
EXTRACTION PRINCIPLE If two liquids, a solvent and a solute, are in…
Distillation and Stripping
PROCESSES OF DISTILLATION AND STRIPPING Distillation is a process in which more…
Introduction to Material and Energy Balances
MEASUREMENT OF QUANTITY OF CRUDE OIL AND PRODUCTS In a refi nery,…
Introduction to Offsite Facilities, Power and Utilities
LAYOUT OF PETROLEUM AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS A refi nery or a petrochemical…
Introduction to Crude Petroleum Oil
COMPOSITION OF CRUDE OIL The compounds in crude petroleum oil are essentially…
Introduction to Petroleum Products and Test Methods
CRUDE OIL ANALYSIS Crude petroleum oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. The…




