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Introduction to Plant Management and Economics
COST OF EQUIPMENT The cost of equipment may be obtained in two…
Introduction to Miscellaneous
STARTUP Any plant operation can be divided into three types of operating…
Instrumentation and Control in a Refinery
13.1 CONTROL HARDWARE Modern chemical plants are automatically controlled with the objective…
Introduction to Reactor Calculations
REACTORS IN REFINERIES AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS A reactor is a piece of…
Introduction to Lubricating Oil and Grease
COMPONENTS OF FINISHED LUBRICATING OILS The use of animal fats to reduce…
Introduction to Processing Operations in a Petroleum Refinery
CRUDE OIL RECEIVING In a refi nery, crude oil is received and…
Introduction to Crude Petroleum Oil
COMPOSITION OF CRUDE OIL The compounds in crude petroleum oil are essentially…
Introduction to Petroleum Products and Test Methods
CRUDE OIL ANALYSIS Crude petroleum oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. The…
