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Introduction to Plant Management and Economics
COST OF EQUIPMENT The cost of equipment may be obtained in two…
Instrumentation and Control in a Refinery
13.1 CONTROL HARDWARE Modern chemical plants are automatically controlled with the objective…
Introduction to Reactor Calculations
REACTORS IN REFINERIES AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS A reactor is a piece of…
Introduction to Extraction
EXTRACTION PRINCIPLE If two liquids, a solvent and a solute, are in…
Introduction to Material and Energy Balances
MEASUREMENT OF QUANTITY OF CRUDE OIL AND PRODUCTS In a refi nery,…
Introduction to Offsite Facilities, Power and Utilities
LAYOUT OF PETROLEUM AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS A refi nery or a petrochemical…
Introduction to Crude Petroleum Oil
COMPOSITION OF CRUDE OIL The compounds in crude petroleum oil are essentially…




