Surveying 2 min read
TERMS USED IN DIRECT METHOD OF LEVELLING
The following terms are used in direct method of levelling: (i) Plane of Collimation: It is the reduced level of plane…
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Surveying 2 min read
METHODS OF LEVELLING
The following methods are used to determine the difference in elevation of various points: (i) Barometric levelling (ii) Hypsometric levelling…
Surveying 8 min read
Level and Levelling
Elevation measurements Elevation measurements involve measurements in vertical plane. It is also known as levelling. It may be defined as…
Surveying 1 min read
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF PLANE TABLE SURVEY
Advantages are 1. Possibility of omitting measurement is eliminated. 2. The surveyor can compare the plotted work in the field…
Surveying 1 min read
ERRORS IN PLANE TABLE SURVEYING
The errors may be grouped into the instrumental and personal errors. Instrumental Errors 1. The surface of plane table not…
Surveying 3 min read
METHODS OF PLANE TABLING
The following four methods are available for carrying out plane table survey: 1. Radiation 2. Intersection 3. Traversing 4. Resection.…
Surveying 6 min read
PLANE TABLE AND ITS ACCESSORIES
The most commonly used plane table It consists of a well-seasoned wooden table Top mounted on a tripod. The table top can…
Surveying 3 min read
CHAIN AND COMPASS SURVEYING FIELD WORK
In compass survey chain or tape is used for linear measurement. If the surveying starts from a station, goes round…
Surveying 2 min read
LOCAL ATTRACTION
A freely suspended and properly balanced magnetic needle is expected to show magnetic meridian.However, local objects like electric wires and objects…
Surveying 3 min read
DECLINATION AND DIP
The magnetic meridian and the true meridian may not coincide with each other in a place. The horizontal angle between…
Surveying 2 min read
METHOD OF USING A COMPASS
To take a reading from a compass, the following temporary adjustments are required: (i) Centring: The compass should be fixed to…
