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Basics 5 min read
The Endomembrane System
The endomembrane system (endo = within) is a group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that work together to modify, package,…
Basics 1 min read
Flagella and Cilia
Flagella (singular = flagellum) are long, hair-like structures that extend from the plasma membrane and are used to move an…
Basics 3 min read
The Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm comprises the contents of a cell between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope (a structure to be…
Basics 2 min read
The Plasma Membrane
Like prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane (Figure 3.9) made up of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that separates the…
Basics 1 min read
Eukaryotic Cells
At this point, it should be clear that eukaryotic cells have a more complex structure than do prokaryotic cells. Organelles…
Basics 4 min read
Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Cells fall into one of two broad categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. The predominantly single-celled organisms of the domains Bacteria and…
Basics 6 min read
Microscopy
Cells vary in size. With few exceptions, individual cells are too small to be seen with the naked eye, so…
Basics 2 min read
Introduction to Cell Structure and Function
Figure 3.1 (a) Nasal sinus cells (viewed with a light microscope), (b) onion cells (viewed with a light microscope), and…
Basics 3 min read
DNA Double-Helical Structure
DNA has a double-helical structure. It is composed of two strands, or polymers, of nucleotides. The strands are formed with…
Basics 1 min read
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are key macromolecules in the continuity of life. They carry the genetic blueprint of a cell and carry instructions…
Basics 7 min read
Proteins, Hormones & Amino acids
Proteins Protiens are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of…