Source: Reproduced with permission from Valero Energy Corporation. About 80% of the refineries operating in the United States have a vacuum distillation unit…
Removing salts and solids from crude oil is critical to refinery production efficiency. This put high demands on the heat…
Very clearly, it suggests an up-move in the price of crude oil. The United States and China are the two…
On 14th Aug 2019, the 10 -year US Treasury bond yield fell below the yield on two-year bonds, creating an…
The TBP, ASTM, and EFV distillation methods achieve different levels of separation for a given sample, as related to the…
Equilibrium flash vaporization involves heating a flowing feed and the separation of the liquid and vapor in a flash drum.…
The most important characterization properties of the crude/intermediate/product streams are the TBP/ASTM distillation curves. Both these distillation curves are measured…
Since the early days of the petroleum industry, some physical properties of crude oil were used to define characterization factors…
The refinery flow shown above includes all the major secondary refining units in addition to CDU. In particular, since the…
The Petroleum Refining/Trade Flow Model covers 30 countries/regions that correspond with the subjects of the Energy Demand Estimation Model described…
The World Energy Demand Estimation Model is an econometric analytical model consisting of an array of demand functions prepared for…