Surveying 1 min read
CHAIN SURVEYING
Chain survey is suitable in the following cases: (i) Area to be surveyed is comparatively small (ii) Ground is fairly…
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Surveying 4 min read
INSTRUMENTS USED IN CHAINING
The following instruments are required for measurements with chain and tape: (i) Arrows (ii) Pegs (iii) Ranging rods and ranging…
Surveying 5 min read
Measurement with Chains or Tapes
Measurement of distances using chain or tape is termed as chaining. This is the accurate and commonly employed method in…
Surveying 2 min read
Linear Measurements and Chain Surveying
All the distances required for making a plan are the horizontal distances. Hence in the field horizontal distances are measured…
Surveying 1 min read
UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS
In 1960 System International (SI units) unit was approved by the conference of weights and measures. It is an international…
Surveying 1 min read
TYPES OF GRAPHICAL SCALES
The following two types of scales are used in surveying: (i) Plain Scale (ii) Diagonal Scale. Plain Scale On a…
Surveying 1 min read
PLANS AND MAPS
As stated in the definition of surveying the objective of measurements is to show relative positions of various objects on…
Surveying 3 min read
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF SURVEYING
To get accurate results in surveying one should follow the following fundamental principles: (i) Work from whole to part (ii)…
Surveying 2 min read
PRIMARY DIVISIONS IN SURVEYING
The earth is an oblate spheroid, length of equatorial axis being 12756.75 km and polar axis being 12713.80 km. Since…