Basics 7 min read
IP – Internet Protocol
To solve the scaling problem with Ethernet, and to allow support for other types of LANs and point-to-point links as…
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Basics 4 min read
Password Sniffing
In the fall of 1994 at Loyola University I remotely changed the root password on several CS-department unix machines at…
Basics 2 min read
LANs and Ethernet
A local-area network, or LAN, is a system consisting of • physical links that are, ultimately, serial lines • common interfacing hardware…
Basics 3 min read
Packets Again
Perhaps the core justification for packets, Baran’s concerns about node failure notwithstanding, is that the same link can carry, at…
Basics 2 min read
Congestion
Switches introduce the possibility of congestion: packets arriving faster than they can be sent out. This can happen with just…
Basics 2 min read
Routing Loops
A potential drawback to datagram forwarding is the possibility of a routing loop: a set of entries in the forwarding…
Basics 2 min read
Traffic Engineering
In some cases the decision above between routes A S1 S2 S4 B and A S1 S3 S4 B might…
Basics 5 min read
Datagram Forwarding
In the datagram-forwarding model of packet delivery, packet headers contain a destination address. It is up to the intervening switches…
Basics 4 min read
Data Rate, Throughput and Bandwidth
Any one network connection – eg at the LAN layer – has a data rate: the rate at which bits…