World Distribution Of Oil
Petroleum is not distributed evenly around the world. Slightly less than half of the world’s proven reserves are located in the Middle East (including Iran but not North Africa). Following the Middle East are Canada and…
Origin Of Hydrocarbons
Formation process From planktonic remains to kerogen: the immature stage Although it is recognized that the original source of carbon and hydrogen was in the materials that made up primordial Earth, it is generally accepted that…
Petroleum
Petroleum, complex mixture of hydrocarbons that occur in Earth in liquid, gaseous, or solid form. The term is often restricted to the liquid form, commonly called crude oil, but, as a technical term, petroleum also includes natural…
Utility systems
Process control systems A process control system is used to monitor data and control equipment on the plant. Very small installations may use hydraulic or pneumatic control systems, but larger…
Synthesis gas (syngas)
Synthesis gas (syngas) is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It can be created from coal or methane reacting with steam at high temperatures: Syngas is used for production…
Butadiene, butylenes, and pygas, derivatives
Pygas, or pyrolysis gasoline, is a naphtha-range product with a high aromatic content, used either for gasoline blending or as a feedstock for a BTX extraction unit. Pygas is produced…
Propylene, derivatives
Polypropylenes (PP) are various thermoplastic plastics or fibres that are polymers of propylene. Polypropylene can be made into fibers, where it is a major constituent in fabrics for home furnishings…
Olefins
Olefins are petrochemical derivatives produced by cracking feed stocks from raw materials such as natural gas and crude oil. Lower olefins have short 93 chains with only two, three or…
Benzene and styrenic chain, derivatives
Polystyrene is solid plastic made from polymerized styrene. It is the second most common plastic and used in a wide variety of everyday applications, from coffee cups to CD jewel…
Toluene, benzene, polyurethane and phenolic chain
Tolune diisocyanate (TDI) is an isocyanate used in the production of polyurethanes for flexible foam applications, ranging from furniture, bedding, and carpet underlay to transportation and packaging. TDI is also used…
