Gas processing
Raw natural gas must be processed to meet the trading specifications of pipeline and gas distribution companies. As part of the purification other components such as NGL is produced, and…
Gas plants
Gas composition When gas is exported, many gas trains include additional equipment for further gas processing to remove unwanted components such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. These gases are…
Oil and gas storage, metering and export
The final stage before the oil and gas leaves the platform consists of storage, pumps and pipeline terminal equipment. Fiscal metering Partners, authorities and customers all calculate invoices, taxes and…
Compressors, anti-surge and performance
Compressors are used in many parts of the oil and gas process, from upstream production to gas plants, pipelines, LNG and petrochemical plants. The overview given here will therefore be…
Scrubbers and reboilers
The separated gas may contain mist and other liquid droplets. Drops of water and hydrocarbons also form when the gas is cooled in the heat exchanger, and must be removed…
Heat exchangers
For the compressor to operate efficiently, gas temperature should be low. The lower the temperature, the less energy will be used to compress the gas for the given final pressure…
Water treatment
On an installation such as this, where the water cut is high, there will be a huge amount of water produced. In our example, a water cut of 40% gives…
Separation
As described earlier, the well-stream may consist of crude oil, gas, condensates, water and various contaminants. The purpose of the separators is to split the flow into desirable fractions. Test…
Manifolds and gathering
Pipelines and risers This facility uses subsea production wells. The typical high pressure (HP) wellhead at the bottom right, with its Christmas tree and choke, is located on the sea…
The upstream oil and gas process
The oil and gas process is the process equipment that takes the product from the wellhead manifolds and delivers stabilized marketable products, in the form of crude oil, condensates or…
