Quantization Noise and Signal-to-Noise
“The Quantization process introduces an error defined as the difference between the input signal, x(t) and the output signal, yt). This error is called the Quantization Noise.” q(t) = x(t)…
Types of Quantizers
· Uniform · Non uniform quantization Uniform Quantizer: In Uniform type, the quantization levels are uniformly spaced, whereasin non-uniform type the spacing between the levels will be unequal and mostly the relation is…
Differential PCM
For the samples that are highly correlated, when encoded by PCM technique, leave redundant information behind. To process this redundant information and to have a better output, it is a…
Quantization
The digitization of analog signals involves the rounding off of the values which are approximately equal to the analog values. The method of sampling chooses a few points on the…
Bandwidth
We all know that most signals are transmitted in terms of electromagnetic or radio waves. As we have come across in the discussions on the topics of Amplitude Modulation and Frequency Modulation, the…
Noise
any communication system, during the transmission of the signal, or while receiving the signal, some unwanted signal gets introduced into the communication, making it unpleasant for the receiver, questioning the…
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
This type of modulation is different from all modulations learnt so far. It is clear from the block diagram given at the top that it is a type of digital…
Pulse Position Modulation
In this type of modulation, both the amplitude and width of the pulse are kept constant. We vary the position of each pulse with reference to a particular pulse. Here…
Pulse Time Modulation (PTM)
Here the pulses will have the same amplitude. However, one of their timing characteristics is made proportional to the amplitude of the sampled signal. This variable characteristic can be either…
