Network Topologies
The IEEE (Ref. 2) defines topology as “the interconnection pattern of nodes on a network.” We can say that a telecommunications network consists of a group of interconnected nodes or…
Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full Duplex
These are operational terms, and they will be used throughout this text. Simplex is one-way operation; there is no reply channel provided. Radio and television broadcasting are simplex. Certain types…
Introduction to the Busy Hour and Grade of Service
The PSTN is very inefficient. This inefficiency stems from the number of circuits and the revenue received per circuit. The PSTN would approach 100% efficiency if all the circuits were…
Telephone Numbering and Routing
Every subscriber in the world is identified by a number, which is geographically tied to a physical location.4 This is the telephone number. The telephone number, as we used it…
Introductory Topics In Telecommunications
An overall telecommunications network (i.e., the PSTN) consists of local networks interconnected by one or more long-distance networks. The concept is illustrated in Figure 1.1. This is the PSTN, which…
Introductory Concepts
What Is Telecommunication? Many people call telecommunication the world’s most lucrative industry. In the United States, 110 million households have telephones and 50% of total households in the U.S. have…
Tailored Transportation
Tailored transportation is nothing but customised transportation of products by using various types of transportation network and modes based on the product and the customer characteristics. Tailored transportation is a…
Role of Transportation and Logistics
Transportation and Logistics Transportation means movement of products from the beginning of the supply chain to the customer. Transportation plays a significant role in any supply chain because products are…
Planning the Inventory Resources in Logistics
Planning is extremely important when it comes to inventory resources. The lack of planning can be costly to the firm either because of the carrying and financing costs of excess…
Importance of Logistics in Business
The importance of logistics systems lies in the fact that it leads to ultimate consummation of the sales contract. The buyer is not interested in the promises of the seller that he…
