Coaxial Cable Transmission
Up to this point we have been discussing two parallel conductors, namely, wire pair. An entirely different configuration of two conductors may be used to advantage where high and very…
Introduction To Transporting Electrical Signals
To transport electrical signals, a transmission medium is required. There are four types of transmission media: 1. Wire pair 2. Coaxial cable 3. Fiber-optic cable 4. Radio Wire Pair As…
Electrical Signals
Introduction to Transmission Transmission may be defined as the electrical transfer of a signal, message, or other form of intelligence from one location to another. Traditionally, transmission has been one…
Introduction to Phase
The IEEE defines phase as “a relative measurement that describes the temporal relationship between two signals that have the same frequency.” We can plot a sine wave (representing a certain…
What Is Frequency?
To understand more advanced telecommunication concepts, we need a firm knowledge of frequency and related parameters such as band and bandwidth, wavelength, period, and phase. Let us first define frequency…
Conveying Intelligence over the Electrical Telegraph
This model of a simple telegraph circuit consists of a copper wire loop with a buzzer inserted at the distant end where the wire pair loops around. At the near…
Basic Concepts Of Electricity For Communications
Early Sources of Electrical Current Rather crude dry cell batteries were employed in the earlier periods of telegraph as an electrical current source. Their development coincided with the Morse telegraph…
Signals Convey Intelligence
Chapter Objective Telecommunication deals with conveying information with electrical signals. This chapter prepares the telecommunication novice with some very basic elements of telecommunications. We are concerned about the transport and…
Standardization In Telecommunications
Standardization is vital in telecommunications. A rough analogy is that it allows worldwide communication because we all “speak a standard language.” As the reader progresses through this book, he/she will…
Rules of Conventional Hierarchical Networks
One will note the backbone structure of Figure 1.9d. If we remove the high-usage routes (dashed lines in the figure), the backbone structure remains. This backbone is illustrated in Figure…
