Latest Bioorganic Chemistry News
Acetal Formation
Introduction It has been demonstrated that water adds rapidly to the carbonyl…
What is a Nucleophile?
Nucleophiles are basically electron rich species which have the ability to donate…
Nucleophilic Substitution, SN2, SN1
Let's begin by recalling a couple of reactions which occur with alkyl…
Cis-Trans Isomerism in Cycloalkanes
Previously, constitutional isomers were defined as molecules that had the same molecular…
Conformations of Ethane and Butane
Conformational Isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism where interconversions of isomers are…
sp3 Hybridization
The term “sp3 hybridization” refers to the mixing character of one 2s-orbital and…
Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry Bases in Organic Chemistry
Categories of Acids and Bases Before we dive in, be sure to…
The Difference Between the Formal and Actual Charge
Now, I’ve mentioned earlier that there’s a difference between the formal and…


