Bioorganic Chemistry

Cis-Trans Isomerism in Cycloalkanes

Previously, constitutional isomers were defined as molecules that had the same molecular formula, but different atom connectivity. In this section,…

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First Law of Thermodynamics

Stated simply; The total energy of the universe does not change. This does not mean that the form of the…

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sp3 Hybridization

The term “sp3 hybridization” refers to the mixing character of one 2s-orbital and three 2p-orbitals to create four hybrid orbitals with…

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