Piezoelectric Transducers and Sensors
Piezoelectricity, discovered in Rochelle salt in 1880 by Jacques and Pierre Curie,…
Capacitive Sensors—Displacement
Capacitive sensors are extensively used in industrial and scientific applications. They are…
Linear-Variable Inductor
There is a little distinction between variable-reluctance and variable-inductance transducers. Mathematically, the…
Resistive Displacement Sensors
Resistive displacement sensors are commonly termed potentiometers or “pots.” A pot is…
A Conceptual Basis of Measurements
Lord Kelvin’s oft-quoted statement may bear repeating here: I often say that…
Measurement Standards
A Historical Perspective Many early standards were based on the human body:…
Measurement Uncertainty Model
Purpose One needs an estimate of the uncertainty of test results to…
Measurement Accuracy
Error: The Normal Distribution and the Uniform Distribution Error is defined as…
Calibration of Measurements
We have already introduced the concept of accuracy in making a measurement…


