General Concepts 2 min read
Effects Of Grain Size
When a low-carbon steel is heated above the A3 temperature line (Fig. 4.2), for example, to hot rolling and forging…
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HEAT TREATMENT AND HARDENING OF STEELS
Heat-treated, and hardened steels are sometimes required in building operations. The most familiar heat treatment is annealing, a reheating operation…
General Concepts 7 min read
Properties Of Structural Steels
Figure 4.3 shows a typical stress-strain curve for each classification of structural steels defined in Art. 4.40.4. The diagram illustrates…
General Concepts 6 min read
Steel And Steel Alloys
Iron and its alloys are generally referred to as ferrous metals. Even small amounts of alloy change the properties of…
General Concepts 3 min read
Plywood And Other Fabricated Wood Boards
As ordinarily made, plywood consists of thin sheets, or veneers, of wood glued together. The grain is oriented at right…
General Concepts 2 min read
Glues And Adhesives For Wood
A variety of adhesives is now available for use with wood, depending on the final application. The older adhesives include…
General Concepts 4 min read
Destroyers And Preservatives
The principal destroyers of wood are decay, caused by fungus, and attack by a number of animal organisms of which…
General Concepts 5 min read
Effects Of Hygroscopic Properties Of Wood
Because of its nature, wood tends to absorb moisture from the air when the relative humidity is high, and to…
General Concepts 8 min read
Glass And Glass Block
Glass is so widely used for decorative and utilitarian purposes in modern construction that it would require an encyclopaedia to…
General Concepts 5 min read
Gypsum Products
Gypsum is a cementitious material composed of at least 70% of CaSO4 – 2H2O by weight (Art. 4.6). It is…
General Concepts 3 min read
Building Stones
Principal building stones generally used in the United States are limestones, marbles, granites, and sandstones. Other stones such as serpentine…
General Concepts 14 min read
MORTARS AND CONCRETES
Mortars Mortars are composed of a cementitious material, fine aggregate, sand, and water. They are used for bedding unit masonry,…