Category: Linear integrated circuits and applications.

photolithography

Photolithography is the standard method of printed circuit board (PCB) and microprocessor fabrication. The process uses light to make the…

Physics of Thermal Oxidation

THERMAL OXIDATION is a chemical process, where silicon dioxide (SiO) is grown in an ambient with elevated temperatures. A simple…

Advantages of MBE Over CVD Process

·         MBE is low temperature process which is advantageous for VLSI ·         While preparing thin layers using MBE process, auto.cloping and autodiffusion…

Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE)

MBE equipment MBE main blocks MBE process characteristics Effusion cell Growth mechanism MBE system

Vapor phase epitaxy

Epitaxial Growth

Epitaxy is used to deposit N on N+ silicon, which is impossible to accomplish by diffusion. It is also used…

Crystal Growth and Wafer Preparation

In this process following subprocesses, are involved – (i) Crystal growing (ii) Ingot trimming and grinding (iii) Ingot slicing (iv)…

Single Crystal Growth

We now have hyperpure poly-Si, already doped to the desired level, and the next step must be to convert it…

Monolithic IC – Component Fabrication

Now we shall discuss in detail how different circuit elements like capacitors, transistors, diodes, and resistors are fabricated into an…

Monolithic IC Manufacturing Process

For the manufacture and production of the monolithic IC, all circuit components and their interconnections are to be formed in…

Monolithic IC’s

We have already discussed the basics of Integrated Circuits in our previous post. The concepts of a basic monolithic IC will be…

Types of ICs (Integrated Circuits)

Based on the method or techniques used in manufacturing them, types of ICs can be divided into three classes: 1.      Thin and thick…