petroleum primary processing 2 min read
Bitumen upgrading
Figure 1. This is an upgrading facility located near Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada. Bitumen upgrading is the chemical treatment of bitumen that is used in…
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Bitumen
Figure 1. Bitumen is a thick, black crude oil. Bitumen is a low-grade of crude oil which is composed of complex, heavy hydrocarbons. In…
petroleum primary processing 4 min read
The Manufacturing Of Lubricating Oil Process
Lube oil is extracted from crude oil, which undergoes a preliminary purification process (sedimentation) before it is pumped into fractionating…
petroleum primary processing 2 min read
Catalytic Dewaxing
Although included under the separation processes, catalytic dewaxing is actually a low-severity conversion process involving a selective catalytic cracking of…
petroleum primary processing 2 min read
Solvent Dewaxing
Figure 5.12 shows a general scheme of solvent dewaxing that uses stage-wise refrigeration of the feedstock after it is mixed…
petroleum primary processing 2 min read
Dewaxing
Another important separation process in petroleum refining is removal of wax. The process of dewaxing is introduced and discussed in…
petroleum primary processing 1 min read
Simplified Flow Diagram of a Deasphalting Process
Simplified Flow Diagram of a Deasphalting Process Figure 5.9 shows a simplified flow diagram of a propane deasphalting process. See…
petroleum primary processing 2 min read
Gradient Solubility Model
Because of the large disparity in structure and properties of asphaltenes and oil fractions in VDR, it is surprising that…
petroleum primary processing 2 min read
Deasphalting Process
The deasphalting process in a refinery flow scheme as an intermediate process between vacuum distillation and dewaxing processes, for producing…
petroleum primary processing 2 min read
Lubricating oils
At one time the suitability of petroleum fractions for use as lubricants depended entirely on the crude oils from which…
petroleum primary processing 3 min read
SYNTHETIC OR MINERAL BASE LUBRICANTS?
The synthetic base lubricants: § Offer better thermal and oxidative stability. § Retain their viscosity. § Are less mutable in different conditions. § Exhibit…
petroleum primary processing 6 min read
How are lubricants produced
A lubricant consists of 70-100% base lubricants and up to 30% chemical compounds known as additives, which are fully mixed.…
