petroleum production 4 min read
How Oil and Gas Formed: The Science Behind Fossil Fuels ⛽🌍
Introduction Oil and natural gas have powered modern civilization for over a century, fueling transportation, industry, and electricity generation. But…
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Formation damage
Producing formation damage has been defined as the impairment of the unseen by the inevitable, causing an unknown reduction in…
petroleum production 10 min read
Formation damage from paraffins and asphaltenes
Perhaps the most common formation damage problem reported in the mature oil-producing regions of the world is organic deposits forming…
petroleum production 8 min read
Scale problems in production
Wells producing water are likely to develop deposits of inorganic scales. Scales can and do coat perforations, casing, production tubulars,…
petroleum production 8 min read
Nodal analysis
Systems analysis has been used for many years to analyze the performance of systems composed of multiple interacting components. Gilbert[1] was…
petroleum production 2 min read
Flow through chokes
A wellhead choke controls the surface pressure and production rate from a well. Chokes usually are selected so that fluctuations…
petroleum production 2 min read
Tubing Selection, Design, and Installation
IntroductionTubing is the normal flow conduit used to transport produced fluids to the surface or fluids to the formation. Its…
petroleum production 5 min read
Multiphase Flow Properties Pressure Gradient Calculation
For oil wells, the main component of pressure loss is the gravity or hydrostatic term. Calculation of the hydrostatic pressure…
petroleum production 2 min read
Introduction to IPR and VLP
The productivity of the well depends on an efficient use of the compressional energy available in the reservoir allowing the…
petroleum production 1 min read
SURFACE WELL TESTING
Expro’s global infrastructure provides well testing services covering: § Exploration and appraisal testing services § Development well clean-up and well unloading services…
petroleum production 6 min read
Isochronal tests for gas wells
The isochronal test is a series of single-point tests developed to estimate stabilized deliverability characteristics without actually flowing the well for the…
petroleum production 5 min read
Gas well deliverability
Early estimates of gas well performance were conducted by opening the well to the atmosphere and then measuring the flow…