Category: petroleum refining and petrochemicals.

Types of Hydrotherapy

Hydrotherapy is the use of water, both internally and externally and at varying temperatures, for health purposes. Also known as water…

ASTM Petroleum Test Methods

ASTM test methods for the full range of petroleum and petroleum refined products are available from Intertek on a global basis. ASTM test methods…

Yield Estimation of Crude Oil

Vacuum Distillation Column

Reflux and Reflux Ratio

Reflux is the ratio between the amounts of material that returned to the distillation column to the material that result…

Vacuum distillation is a key part of the petroleum refining process

Source: Reproduced with permission from Valero Energy Corporation. About 80% of the refineries operating in the United States have a vacuum distillation unit…

Crude oil desalting

Removing salts and solids from crude oil is critical to refinery production efficiency. This put high demands on the heat…

What does this signal for crude oil?

Very clearly, it suggests an up-move in the price of crude oil. The United States and China are the two…

Inverted Yield Curve

On 14th Aug 2019, the 10 -year US Treasury bond yield fell below the yield on two-year bonds, creating an…

TBP, ASTM, and EFV Compared

The TBP, ASTM, and EFV distillation methods achieve different levels of separation for a given sample, as related to the…

Equilibrium Flash Vaporization (EFV)

Equilibrium flash vaporization involves heating a flowing feed and the separation of the liquid and vapor in a flash drum.…

TBP/ASTM distillation curves

The most important characterization properties of the crude/intermediate/product streams are the TBP/ASTM distillation curves. Both these distillation curves are measured…