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Hydrocracking Reaction Systems
The two different reaction systems in hydrocracking, hydrogenation and cracking, are supported by bi-functional catalyst formulations, as illustrated in Figure…
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Catalytic Hydrocracking
Catalytic hydrocracking is one of the latest additions to petroleum refining processes, with the first modern commercial unit started up…
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Uses of Hydrocracking
In a refinery, hydrocracking complements catalytic cracking by taking on the more aromatic feedstocks that resist cracking, including the byproducts…
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Hydrocracking
Hydrocracking is one of the most versatile refining process for converting heavy fuel oil components into naphtha, kerosene, jet fuel,…
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FCC catalyst testing
One of the major problems in designing improved FCC catalysts is that it is very difficult to scale down the…
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The FCC catalyst material
Structure and composition The FCC process as described above sets a number of demands for catalyst parameters: • Activity, selectivity…
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Process and reactor design
Although a number of different designs exist for the FCC process,a number of general principles can be described on the…
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Fluid catalytic cracking: some background
A short history Commercial production of petroleum dates back to 1859, when Colonel Edwin L. Drake found “rock oil” in…
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Fluid catalytic cracking
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the major conversion technologies in the oil refinery industry. FCC currently produces the…
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Comparison of thermal cracking and hydrocracking yield distributions
Generic coker kinetics and simulation modelThe coking chemical reaction has been studied for many years by the refining industry and…
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Feedstocks in Petrochemicals
Naphtha for Petrochemicals Feedstock Demand Projections for the Petrochemical Sector
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Visbreaking Processes
There are two types of visbreaking processes: coil or soaker visbreaking. Figure 6.5a shows a schematic diagram of the coil…
