petroleum secondary processing 2 min read
Thermafor Catalytic Cracking (TCC)
Thermafor (also referred to as “thermofor” in some sources) Cracking Process was introduced for better integration of thermochemistry (endothermic cracking…
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Houdry Catalytic Cracking
The first catalytic cracking process was developed as a batch process (McAfee, 1915) shortly after the development of a thermal…
petroleum secondary processing 2 min read
Continuous Catalyst Regeneration
A continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) scheme for reforming came on stream in 1971. Figure 8.5 shows a flow diagram for the…
petroleum secondary processing 1 min read
Desirable Chemical Reactions
Figure 8.2 illustrates more specifically the desirable chemical reactions of catalytic reforming including: · dehydrogenation of naphthenes to aromatics, · dehydroisomerization of alkyl-C5-naphthenes,…
petroleum secondary processing 2 min read
Chemistry of Catalytic Reforming
Chemistry of Catalytic Reforming The general categories of the desired reactions in catalytic reforming are identified in list below, along…
petroleum secondary processing 1 min read
Moving Bed Catalytic Cracking Process
The moving bed catalytic cracking method is described in the following diagram. Heated oil vapors go up in the reactor…
petroleum secondary processing 1 min read
Fixed Bed Catalytic Cracking Process
The fixed bed catalytic cracking method is described in the following diagram. The charge is passed through a heater where…
petroleum secondary processing 3 min read
Types of Fouling
Operational deposits on the hydrocarbon side of a cracking unit will typically be a mixture of organic and inorganic materials…
petroleum secondary processing 3 min read
Catalytic Cracking
Cracking is a process in which large hydrocarbon molecules are broken up “cracked” into smaller, more valuable hydrocarbon molecules. As…
petroleum secondary processing 5 min read
Petroleum coke
Petroleum coke, abbreviated coke or petcoke, is a final carbon-rich solid material that derives from oil refining, and is one type of the group of…
petroleum secondary processing 6 min read
Hydrodesulfurization
Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur (S) from natural gas and from refined petroleum products, such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel…
petroleum secondary processing 2 min read
Catalytic Reforming
Catalytic reforming is a process for producing the reformate of high octane gasoline, mainly from heavy straight run naphtha. Features…
