Surveying 1 min read
ERRORS IN PLANE TABLE SURVEYING
The errors may be grouped into the instrumental and personal errors. Instrumental Errors 1. The surface of plane table not…
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Surveying 3 min read
METHODS OF PLANE TABLING
The following four methods are available for carrying out plane table survey: 1. Radiation 2. Intersection 3. Traversing 4. Resection.…
Surveying 6 min read
PLANE TABLE AND ITS ACCESSORIES
The most commonly used plane table It consists of a well-seasoned wooden table Top mounted on a tripod. The table top can…
Surveying 3 min read
CHAIN AND COMPASS SURVEYING FIELD WORK
In compass survey chain or tape is used for linear measurement. If the surveying starts from a station, goes round…
Surveying 2 min read
LOCAL ATTRACTION
A freely suspended and properly balanced magnetic needle is expected to show magnetic meridian.However, local objects like electric wires and objects…
Surveying 3 min read
DECLINATION AND DIP
The magnetic meridian and the true meridian may not coincide with each other in a place. The horizontal angle between…
Surveying 2 min read
METHOD OF USING A COMPASS
To take a reading from a compass, the following temporary adjustments are required: (i) Centring: The compass should be fixed to…
Surveying 1 min read
TYPES OF COMPASS
The types of compass that are used commonly are: (i) prismatic compass; and (ii) surveyor compass. The essential parts of…
Surveying 1 min read
Compass Surveying
Disadvantage of chain surveying is that, in it only distances are measured and hence area is to be covered with…
Surveying 1 min read
TAPE CORRECTIONS
The following five corrections may be found for the measured lengths of tape: (i) Corrections for absolute length (ii) Corrections for pull…
Surveying 2 min read
ERRORS IN CHAINING
Errors in chaining may be classified as: (i) Personal errors (ii) Compensating errors, and (iii) Cumulating errors. Personal Errors Wrong…