Category: Surveying.
Discover thoughtful articles, guides and ideas about this topic.
← Explore all topicsPLANS AND MAPS
As stated in the definition of surveying the objective of measurements is to show relative positions of various objects on…
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF SURVEYING
To get accurate results in surveying one should follow the following fundamental principles: (i) Work from whole to part (ii)…
PRIMARY DIVISIONS IN SURVEYING
The earth is an oblate spheroid, length of equatorial axis being 12756.75 km and polar axis being 12713.80 km. Since…
OBJECT AND USES OF SURVEYING
As stated in the definition, object of surveying is to show relative positions of various objects of an area on…
Introduction to Surveying
Surveying is the art of making measurements of objects on, above or beneath the ground to show theirrelative positions on paper. The…
Measuring Principles
Although there are many EDM instruments available, there are basically only two methods of measurement employed, namely the pulse method…
Field surveying
Introduction This chapter is designed to introduce you to the various surveying techniques used to obtain the original field data…
Distance Adjustment
To eliminate or minimize the systematic errors of taping, it is necessary to adjust each measured bay to its final…
Distance measurement
Distance is one of the fundamental measurements in surveying. Although frequently measured as a spatial distance (sloping distance) in three-dimensional…
Bench mark (BM)
In order to make OD accessible to all users throughout the country, a series of permanent marks were established, called…